NEWTON’S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION: gravitational force mass distance, planetary orbits Kepler, gravitational potential energy, space travel trajectories, Newton vs Einstein relativity reading comprehension passages. Why do apples fall but satellites soar, could you hurl a cannonball hard enough to loop Earth forever? Students uncover how massive planets yank moons into endless dances, spacecraft pirouette around Jupiter for free speed boosts, and black holes shred light itself. They explore