A hands-on lab activity that helps students understand how tectonic plate movement shapes Earth’s surface. Using graham crackers and frosting as a model, students simulate divergent, convergent (subduction and collision), and transform boundaries and connect plate movement to real-world geological features such as mountains, rift valleys, trenches, and earthquakes. This lab works well as an in-class activity during an Earth science or plate tectonics unit and emphasizes observation, reasoning, a