Teach why we have day/night and seasons using clear models and student-friendly investigations. Learners explore Earth’s rotation, axis, revolution, and 23.5° tilt to see how sunlight angle and day length change across the year. The unit blends NGSS-aligned labs, data analysis, literacy, and assessment so you can run a complete sequence in 3–5 class periods. Students will: Model rotation (day/night) and revolution + tilt (seasons) Test sunlight angle vs. heating and track a gnomon shadow