This comprehensive bundle of PowerPoints covers the Higher Level content of Topic 2.2 The Covalent Model for IBDP Chemistry (first examination 2025). It develops deep conceptual understanding of resonance, benzene, expanded octets, formal charge, sigma and pi bonding, and hybridisation in a structured, exam-focused sequence. The covalent model explains how atoms share electrons to form molecules, and at HL it extends beyond simple Lewis structures to include delocalisation, orbital overlap and e