Five fully resourced lessons for middle school on the reflection, refraction, lenses, diffusion and shadows and eclipses. Each lesson comes complete with an engaging animated PowerPoint and a range of scaffolded notes, worksheets, homework and activities. For each lesson a one-page flow-chart lesson plan which indicates where logical choices between printables can be made if required. All answers are provided. The pack also includes two virtual experiments - one to find the values of the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection and the other to investigate the refraction of light through a rectangular glass block.

What’s Covered

Reflection

• Transparent, translucent and opaque materials
• Luminous and non-luminous objects
• Labelling the incident and reflected rays, the angles of incidence and reflection, the normal and the point of incidence
• Virtual experiment to prove i = r
• Ray diagram showing how the eye sees an image in a plane mirror
• The image formed in a plane mirror is upright, virtual (appears to be formed behind the mirror) laterally inverted, the same size as the object and as far behind the mirror as the object is in front.
• Ray diagram showing how the eye sees an image in a periscope
• Specular and diffuse images

Refraction

• The more dense the medium the slower the speed of light.
• When light travels from a less dense medium to a more dense medium it is bent towards the normal.
• When light travels from a more dense medium to a less dense medium it is bent away from the normal.
• Light hitting a boundary at 900 is not refracted.
• Light is not refracted at a curved boundary.
• Complete ray diagrams showing refraction.
• Design an experiment and results table to investigate refraction through a semi - circular glass block
• Why lightning is seen before thunder is heard when a cloud discharges.
• Real and apparent depth

Lenses

• Ray diagrams showing refraction in a concave and convex lens.
• Convex lenses are used in magnifying glasses, telescopes and spectacles to correct long sight.
• Concave lenses are used in lasers, flashlights, peepholes and spectacles to correct short sight.
• Label the following structures on a diagram of the eye; retina; ciliary muscle; iris; pupil; lens; suspensory ligament; optic nerve.
• Draw ray diagrams and explain how the eye sees distant and close objects.
• Draw ray diagrams and explain how lenses are used to correct long and short sight.
• Draw diagrams and explain how the iris controls the size of the pupil and therefore the amount of light which enters the eye.
• Draw a ray diagram of the pinhole camera, know that the image is inverted sand diminished, moving the object closer enlarges the image and multiple pinholes produce multiple images
• Label a diagram of the camera and explain how a picture is taken.
• Explain the differences and similarities between the eye and the camera

Dispersion

• The order of the seven colours of the spectrum
• Dispersion is the separation of white light into the seven different colors of the spectrum.
• During dispersion, red light is refracted the least and violet light the most.
• Dispersion is caused by the fact that each colour of light travels at a different speed in glass.
• Red, green and blue are primary light colors.
• Magenta, cyan and yellow are secondary light colors.
• Mixing two primary light colours gives a secondary light color.
• Mixing the three primary light colors gives white light.
• An object only reflects light the same color as itself and absorbs all the others
• Work out the color an object appears in different light color

Shadows and Eclipses

• The shadow of a point source only has an umbra but the shadow of a large point source has an umbra and a penumbra.
• If the light source moves closer to the object, the shadow gets bigger.
• If the object moves closer to the screen, the shadow gets smaller .
• A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth stops all, or some, of the Sun’s light from reaching the Moon.
• The Moon orbits the Earth once every 29.5 days.
• When the entire moon passes through the Earths penumbra it appears slightly darker (penumbral eclipse).
• If only part of the moon passes through the Earth’s umbra it is a partial eclipse.
• A solar eclipse happens when the Moon stops all, or some, of the Sun’s light from reaching the Earth
• A person on Earth, standing in the Moon’s umbra will see a total solar eclipse.
• A person on Earth, standing in the Moon’s penumbra will see a partial solar eclipse.
• When the Moon is at its furthest point from Earth, it no longer covers the whole surface of the Sun and an annular eclipse is seen from the umbra.
• The Moon’s orbit is angled relative to the Earth so the Sun, Earth and Moon are not often in the alignment needed for a lunar Eclipse to occur.
• When the entire moon passes through the Earths umbra it appears red due to refracted red light (total or umbral eclipse).

What’s Included for Each Lesson

• Animated PowerPoint for teaching with exit ticket quiz
• Flip it (pupil writes questions to given answers)
• Anticipation Guides (combined starter and plenary)
• Foldable
• Cut and stick activity.
• Worksheet to support the PowerPoint
• Fact sheet
• Homework plus answers
• Fact share worksheet
• Pupil progress self-assessment checklist
• Exit Ticket
• Suggested lesson plan showing choices possible between resources

Click here for many more resources on light for middle school.

Light for Middle School Science

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