This Peppered Moth Simulation investigation directly supports NGSS Standard MS.LS4.6: Use mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time. The purpose of this activity is to  investigate how environmental changes influence natural selection and affect the prevalence of different traits in a population of organisms.This lesson explores the concept of natural selection through a hands-on simulation of predation on peppered moths. By using mathematical representations to track and analyze the frequency of different moth traits (colors) under various environmental conditions, students will understand how environmental changes can lead to shifts in trait prevalence over time.  This package includes a lesson plan, instructor activity guide, students activity guide, response worksheet, answer key, and digital response worksheet. Just print, prep, and it’s ready to go.