Teaching multiplication at this level involves moving from concrete grouping to abstract algorithms:

• Area Model: Use a grid to break numbers into expanded form (e.g., $23 \times 15$ becomes $(20+3) \times (10+5)$) to visualize the four partial products.
• Partial Products: Encourage students to multiply the ones, then the tens, and add them together.
• Place Value Shifting: Teach the "magic zero" rule—when multiplying by the tens place in 2-digit multiplication, you must place a zero in the ones column of the second row.