Economics & Finance - MONEY & BANKING: Central Banks, Money Supply, Inflation, Interest Rates, Policy Tools Reading Comprehension Passages. What gives money its value, and how do banks keep economies stable? Students explore the functions of money, the creation process, and the role of commercial and central banks in managing inflation, deflation, and interest rates. Lessons on regulation, monetary policy tools, and financial crises reveal how the banking system shapes confidence, growth, and e