Learning to read and write English is tough! Just think about that word, tough. Your brain has already cracked the reading code and thanks to your knowledge of letters, phonemes and orthographic mapping, reading the word tough was, in fact, not tough for you at all. You know: -that the ’t’ makes the same sound as it does in turtle -the ’o’ and ‘u’ together make the same sound that the ‘u’ does at the start of umbrella & -the ‘g’ and the ’h’ together make the same sound as the ‘f’ in fish. T