Explore hot air balloons, flight, buoyancy, and heat energy with this STEM project for Grades 4–7. This history of flight challenge investigates how hot air balloons rise, how temperature affects air density, and how early flight developed through a hands-on, NGSS-aligned PBL activity.Students will examine how heated air creates lift, how balloon design affects flight, and how early inventors developed aviation concepts. Through modeling, experimentation, and structured worksheets, learners buil