This fully scripted 60-minute IB DP Theory of Knowledge (TOK) lesson introduces three major ethical frameworks: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. It asks students how people decide what is right, why different kinds of moral reasoning can lead to different answers, and whether moral claims are objective, subjective, or something more complicated. The lesson begins with the classic trolley problem, which is used to show that students are often already using different moral framewor