Stuck on Repeat: Does Rumination Predict Depression Scores? Students complete the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) and the PHQ-9 Depression scale, then pool data to calculate a Pearson r. The lab directly tests Nolen-Hoeksema's response styles theory, which proposes that ruminative thinking amplifies and prolongs depression. Students distinguish between healthy reflective thinking and clinical rumination, and evaluate a claim that all problem-focused thinking is harmful. An important note draws