If you want students to actually earn points on the APES exam, they need to do more than define biodiversity—they must calculate it, interpret it, and apply it to real ecological decisions. This AP Environmental Science activity teaches students how to compute and compare Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) and the Shannon-Wiener Index (H’) using real survey data from three contrasting ecosystems, then completes the lesson with AP-style FRQ practice. This is rigorous, math-forward, and built ex