This bundle of 3 PowerPoints covers IBDP Chemistry HL R1.4 Entropy and Spontaneity for first examination 2025, including entropy changes, Gibbs energy, spontaneity and the link between Gibbs energy and equilibrium. It provides a clear, carefully sequenced set of lessons that helps students move from core thermodynamic ideas to the higher-level calculations and interpretations required for IB exam success. Entropy and spontaneity are central ideas in thermodynamics. Entropy is a measure of disord